Description

For two-semester general chemistry lab courses

Introducing students to basic lab techniques and illustrating core chemical principles

Prepared by John H. Nelson and Kenneth C. Kemp, both of the University of Nevada, this manual contains 43 finely tuned experiments chosen to introduce students to basic lab techniques and to illustrate core chemical principles. In the 14th Edition, all experiments were carefully edited for accuracy, safety, and cost. Pre-labs and questions were revised and new experiments added concerning solutions, polymers, and hydrates.

Each of the experiments is self-contained, with sufficient background material, enabling students to conduct and understand the experiment. Each has a pedagogical objective to exemplify one or more specific principles. Because the experiments are self-contained, they may be undertaken in any order, although the authors have found in their General Chemistry course that the sequence of Experiments 1 through 7 provides the firmest background and introduction. To assist the student, the authors have included pre-lab questions for the student to answer before starting the lab. The questions are designed to help the student understand the experiment, to learn how to do the necessary calculations to treat their data, and as an incentive to read the experiment in advance.

Features

This title is a Pearson Global Edition. The Editorial team at Pearson has worked closely with educators around the world to include content which is especially relevant to students outside the United States.

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition uses relevant content to engage students throughout the learning process, building skills that allow them to go beyond recall to effectively solve problems and visualize the atomic nature of the chemistry.

• Beyond Knowledge Recall:
  • NEW! SmartFigures walk students through complex visual representations, dispelling common misconceptions before they can take root by animating them into a continuous process rather than being forced to rely on discrete time points. Students are given answer-specific video feedback from the author team that validates their correct response or helps them get back on track by understanding why they were wrong, often revisiting the animation in a way designed to aid them in overcoming their misconception.
  • Integrative Exercises connect concepts in the current chapter with those from previous chapters and serve as an overall review of key concepts, helping students gain a deeper understanding of how chemistry fits together. Sample Integrative Exercises in many chapters show how to analyze and solve problems encompassing more than one concept.
  • Design An Experiment activities provide a departure from the usual end-of-chapter exercises with an inquiry-based, open-ended approach that stimulates a student to “think like a scientist.” Designed to foster critical thinking, each exercise presents the student with a scenario in which various unknowns require investigation. The student is called upon to ponder how experiments might be set up to provide answers to particular questions about observations.
  • Informal, sharply focused Give It Some Thought (GIST) exercises let students test just how well they’re “getting it” as they move through the course.
  • Learning Outcomes at the end of each chapter identify skills that students should be able to perform after studying each section. A list of related problems for each Learning Objective allows students to check their mastery of the material.
  • Conceptual Questions are developed around the GIST and Go Figure questions and integrated with classroom clicker questions. In turn, these questions are integrated into Pearson Mastering Chemistry.
• Relevance:
  • NEW! A Closer Look essays and features cover high-interest topics and have been updated to reflect recent news and discoveries in the field of chemistry, providing relevance and applications for students. End-of-chapter questions often give students the chance to test whether they understood the concept or not.
  • Chemistry and Life, and Chemistry Put to Work help students connect chemistry to world events, scientific discoveries, and medical breakthroughs.
• Problem Solving:
  • NEW! How To features offer step-by step guidance for solving specific types of problems such as Drawing Lewis Structures, Balancing Redox Equations, Naming Acids, etc. These features, with numbered steps wrapped by a thin rule, are integrated into the main discussion and are easy to find.
  • A consistent problem-solving process incorporated throughout guides students in practicing problem solving.
    • The unique Analyze/Plan/Solve/Check feature helps students to understand what they are being asked as they solve, plan how to solve it, work their way through the solution, and check their answers.
    • Selected sample exercises use a dual-column problem-solving strateg

New to this Edition

• Table of Contents Updates
  • Chapter 1:
    • Added new Section 1.4: The Nature of Energy. The new section provides a much earlier introduction to work, heat, and energy — all key topics that run throughout the course.
  • Chapter 5:
    • Section 5.1 now has a tighter focus on chemical energy and the relationship between electrostatic potential energy and bonds. This section builds upon the basic concepts introduced now in section 1.4.
    • New Section 5.8: Bond Enthalpies. The new section offers an earlier introduction to this topic.
  • Chapter 8:
    • Revised Section 8.8 now builds on the bond enthalpy discussion from Section 5.8, and expands the discussion to consider the strengths and lengths of covalent bonds.
• New and Updated Features
  • How To features offer step-by step guidance for solving specific types of problems such as Drawing Lewis Structures, Balancing Redox Equations, Naming Acids, etc. These features, with numbered steps wrapped by a thin rule, are integrated into the main discussion and are easy to find.
  • SmartFigures walk students through complex visual representations, dispelling common misconceptions before they can take root by animating them into a continuous process rather than being forced to rely on discrete time points. Students are given answer-specific video feedback from the author team that validates their correct response or helps them get back on track by understanding why they were wrong, often revisiting the animation in a way designed to aid them in overcoming their misconception.
  • A Closer Look features have been updated to reflect recent news and discoveries in the field of chemistry, providing relevance and applications for students. End-of-chapter questions often give students the chance to test whether they understood the concept or not.
  • Enhanced art creates clarity and provides a cleaner more modern look with details that include white-background annotation boxes with crisp, thin leaders plus richer and more saturated colors in the art, and expanded use of 3D renderings.
  • Annotations offer more detailed explanations; new leaders emphasize key relationships and key points in figures.
    • Before/after photos now more clearly show characteristics of endothermic and exothermic reactions. Added reaction equations connect the chemistry to what’s happening in the photos.

Pearson Mastering Chemistry is not included. Students, if Mastering is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. Mastering should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson rep for more information.

· The Chemistry Primer helps students remediate their chemistry math skills and prepare for their first college chemistry course.

o Pre-built Assignments get students up to speed at the beginning of the course.

o Math is covered in the context of chemistry, basic chemical literacy, balancing chemical equations, mole theory, and stoichiometry.

o Scaled to students’ needs, remediation is only suggested to students that perform poorly on an initial problem.

o Remediation includes tutorials, wrong-answer specific feedback, video instruction, and step-wise scaffolding to build students’ abilities.

· 66 Dynamic Study Modules help students study effectively on their own by continuously assessing their activity and performance in real time.

o &nb

Table of Contents

• 1.   Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement
• 2.   Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
• 3.   Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
• 4.   Reactions in Aqueous Solution
• 5.   Thermochemistry 
• 6.   Electronic Structure of Atoms   
• 7.   Periodic Properties of the Elements
• 8.   Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding 
• 9.   Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 
• 10.   Gases
• 11.   Liquids and Intermolecular Forces  
• 12.   Solids and Modern Materials 
• 13.   Properties of Solutions
• 14.   Chemical Kinetics 
• 15.   Chemical Equilibrium
• 16.   Acid—Base Equilibria  
• 17.   Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria 
• 18.   Chemistry of the Environment   
• 19.   Chemical Thermodynamics
• 20.   Electrochemistry  
• 21.   Nuclear Chemistry
• 22.   Chemistry of the Nonmetals
• 23.   Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
• 24.   The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
• Appendices
• Mathematical Operations
• Properties of Water
• Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances        
• Aqueous Equilibrium Constants      
• Standard Reduction Potentials
• Answers to Selected Exercises
• Answers to Give It Some Thought
• Answers to Go Figure
• Answer to Selected Practice Exercises
• Glossary

Author

THEODORE L. BROWN received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1956. Since then, he has been a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is now Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He served as Vice Chancellor for Research, and Dean of The Graduate College, from 1980 to 1986, and as Founding Director of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology from 1987 to 1993. Professor Brown has been an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow and has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1972 he was awarded the American Chemical Society Award for Research in Inorganic Chemistry and received the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry in 1993. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Chemical Society.

H. EUGENE LEMAY, JR., received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Pacific Lutheran University (Washington) and his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1966 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He then joined the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, where he is currently Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus. He has enjoyed Visiting Professorships at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, at the University College of Wales in Great Britain, and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Professor LeMay is a popular and effective teacher, who has taught thousands of students during more than 40 years of university teaching. Known for the clarity of his lectures and his sense of humor, he has received several teaching awards, including the University Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award (1991) and the first Regents’ Teaching Award given by the State of Nevada Board of Regents (1997).

BRUCE E. BURSTEN received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1978. After two years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Texas A&M University, he joined the faculty of The Ohio State University, where he rose to the rank of Distinguished University Professor. In 2005, he moved to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, as Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. Professor Bursten has been a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Teacher-Scholar and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow, and he is a Fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Chemical Society. At Ohio State he has received the University Distinguished Teaching Award in 1982 and 1996, the Arts and Sciences Student Council Outstanding Teaching Award in 1984, and the University Distinguished Scholar Award in 1990. He received the Spiers Memorial Prize and Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2003, and the Morley Medal of the Cleveland Section of the American Chemical Society in 2005. He was President of the American Chemical Society for 2008. In addition to his teaching and service activities, Professor Bursten’s research program focuses on compounds of the transition-metal and actinide elements.

CATHERINE J. MURPHY received two B.S. degrees, one in Chemistry and one in Biochemistry, from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, in 1986. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1990. She was a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow at the California Institute of Technology from 1990 to 1993. In 1993, she joined the faculty of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, becoming the Guy F. Lipscomb Professor of Chemistry in 2003. In 2009 she moved to the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, as the Peter C. and Gretchen Miller Markunas Professor of Chemistry. Professor Murphy has been honored for both research and teaching