Description
The Longman Academic Writing Series helps English language students master the writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The fi ve-level series spans writing topics from composing sentences to writing research papers. Each level covers the complete writing process from prewriting to revision.
Level 4 teaches high-intermediate students to write various genres of academic essays. The text’s proven approach integrates training in grammar, mechanics, vocabulary, and essay organization along with the writing process.
Features
- Realistic writing models and systematic practice empower students to write effectively in different genres. Clear explanations help students grasp and apply key concepts.
- Sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics instruction helps students develop key writing skills.
- A step-by-step approach guides students seamlessly through the writing process.
- Vocabulary sections help students develop language awareness and improve the quality of their writing. Writing Tips provide useful strategies to enhance students’ writing experience.
- Writing Expansions, including journals, timed writing, and summarizing, build written fluency and test-taking skills.
New to this Edition
Enhanced Digital Practice
- An improved MyEnglishLab includes additional practice activities and assessments.
- The Pearson Practice English App allows students to complete vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure activities on their mobile devices.
Table of Contents
To the Teacher...................................................................................................................... xii
Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................xiii
Chapter Overview............................................................................................................... xiv
PART I: WRITING A PARAGRAPH
Chapter 1 Paragraph Structure.......................................................................2
Introduction ...................................................................................................................3
Analyzing the Model .....................................................................................................3
Noticing Vocabulary: Word Families ......................................................................4
Parts of a Paragraph .................................................................................................5
The Topic Sentence ......................................................................................................5
Supporting Sentences ...............................................................................................11
The Concluding Sentence .........................................................................................14
Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Families .............………………………………17
The Writing Process ................................................................................................17
Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Communication ................................18
Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................20
Expansion ....................................................................................................................21
Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Communications Medium .......................21
Writing on an Assigned Topic ....................................................................................21
Chapter 2 Unity and Coherence ...................................................................22
Introduction .................................................................................................................23
Analyzing the Model ...................................................................................................23
Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms 1 .......................................................................24
Unity ...............................................................................................................................24
Coherence ...................................................................................................................26
Repetition of Key Nouns............................................................................................27
Consistent Pronouns..................................................................................................30
Transition Signals........................................................................................................31
Logical Order ...............................................................................................................40
Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms 1 ............................................................42
Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Health and Medicine ........................42
Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................44
Expansion ....................................................................................................................45
Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Medical Topic .............................................45
Responding to a Reading ..........................................................................................45
Chapter 3 Using Outside Sources...............................................................46
Introduction .................................................................................................................47
Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................47
Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms 2 .......................................................................48
Using and Citing Sources ......................................................................................48
Plagiarism.....................................................................................................................48
Correct Citations.........................................................................................................49
Quotations ...................................................................................................................52
Reporting Verbs and Phrases ...................................................................................52
Punctuating Direct Quotations ..................................................................................53
Using Direct Quotations as Support ........................................................................55
Changing Direct Quotations to Indirect Quotations ..............................................56
Paraphrasing ..............................................................................................................58
Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................58
Plagiarism and Paraphrasing ....................................................................................60
Writing a Successful Paraphrase ..............................................................................61
Using Paraphrases as Support .................................................................................64
Summarizing ...............................................................................................................66
Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................66
Writing a Successful Summary .................................................................................67
Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms 2 ............................................................69
Writing Assignment: A Summary of an Article ....................................................70
Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................71
Expansion ....................................................................................................................72
Timed Writing: A Summary of a Reading ...............................................................72
Responding to a Reading ..........................................................................................72
PART II: WRITING AN ESSAY
Chapter 4 From Paragraph to Essay.........................................................74
Introduction .................................................................................................................75
Analyzing the Model ................................................................................................75
Noticing Vocabulary: Nouns and Noun Suffixes ................................................77
Parts of an Essay ......................................................................................................78
The Introductory Paragraph ......................................................................................79
Body Paragraphs ........................................................................................................86
The Concluding Paragraph ........................................................................................87
Patterns of Organization .......................................................................................89
Organization and Thesis Statements .......................................................................89
Organization and Body Paragraphs .........................................................................90
Outlines of Essays ....................................................................................................96
Applying Vocabulary: Using Nouns and Noun Suffixes ....................................97
Writing Assignment: An Essay about Education ................................................98
Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................99
Expansion ..................................................................................................................100
Timed Writing: An Essay about Education ...........................................................100
Using Quotes and Paraphrases to Support Ideas ...............................................100
Chapter 5 Process Essays..............................................................................101
Introduction ...............................................................................................................102
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................102
Noticing Vocabulary: Word Parts and Word Families ......................................105
Organization .............................................................................................................106
Thesis Statements for a Process Essay ................................................................106
Body Paragraphs in a Process Essay ....................................................................108
Transition Signals for Chronological Order ...........................................................109
Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Parts and Word Families ..........................111
Writing Assignment: A Process Essay about Earth Science ..........................112
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................114
Expansion ..................................................................................................................114
Timed Writing: A Process Essay ............................................................................114
Writing from a Diagram ............................................................................................115
Chapter 6 Cause / Effect Essays ...............................................................116
Introduction ...............................................................................................................117
Analyzing the Models ............................................................................................117
Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations 1 ..................................................................120
Organization .............................................................................................................121
Block Organization ...................................................................................................121
Chain Organization ...................................................................................................123
Transition Signals for Cause / Effect Relationships .............................................124
Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations 1 ......................................................129
Writing Assignment: A Cause / Effect Essay about Psychology ...................130
Self Assessment ......................................................................................................131
Expansion ..................................................................................................................132
Timed Writing: A Cause / Effect Essay..................................................................132
Writing a Summary and Response.........................................................................132
Chapter 7 Comparison / Contrast Essays...........................................133
Introduction ...............................................................................................................134
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................134
Noticing Vocabulary: Antonyms ..........................................................................136
Organization .............................................................................................................137
Points of Comparison ...............................................................................................137
Point-by-Point Organization ....................................................................................138
Block Organization ...................................................................................................138
Comparison and Contrast Signal Words ...............................................................140
Applying Vocabulary: Using Antonyms ..............................................................147
Writing Assignment: A Comparison / Contrast Essay about Culture ............147
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................150
Expansion ..................................................................................................................150
Timed Writing: An Essay about Child / Parent Relationships ...........................150
Writing a Summary and Response.........................................................................151
Chapter 8 Argumentative Essays ..............................................................152
Introduction ...............................................................................................................153
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................153
Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations 2 ..................................................................155
Organization .............................................................................................................156
The Elements of an Argumentative Essay .............................................................156
The Introductory Paragraph ....................................................................................158
Statistics as Support .............................................................................................160
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................160
Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations 2 ......................................................165
Writing Assignment: An Argumentative Essay about Space Travel................166
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................167
Expansion ..................................................................................................................168
Timed Writing: An Essay about Technology ........................................................168
Rebutting an Argument ............................................................................................168
PART III: SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Chapter 9 Types of Sentences.....................................................................170
Introduction ...............................................................................................................171
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................171
Independent and Dependent Clauses ............................................................173
Independent Clauses ...............................................................................................173
Dependent Clauses ..................................................................................................173
Kinds of Sentences ................................................................................................174
Simple Sentences .....................................................................................................174
Compound Sentences .............................................................................................175
Complex Sentences .................................................................................................182
Compound-Complex Sentences ............................................................................184
Sentence Types and Writing Style ...................................................................185
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................187
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................187
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................188
Chapter 10 Parallelism and Sentence Problems............................189
Introduction ...............................................................................................................190
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................190
Parallel Structure in Sentences ........................................................................191
Parallelism with Coordinators: And, Or, But ........................................................192
Parallelism with Correlative (Paired) Conjunctions ..............................................192
Sentence Problems ................................................................................................194
Sentence Fragments ................................................................................................194
Choppy Sentences ...................................................................................................196
Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices ...............................................................199
Stringy Sentences .....................................................................................................201
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................203
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................204
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................204
Chapter 11 Noun Clauses................................................................................205
Introduction ...............................................................................................................206
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................207
That Clauses .............................................................................................................207
Sentences Beginning with It ....................................................................................208
Special Verb Tenses in That Clauses .....................................................................210
If / Whether Clauses ..............................................................................................214
Question Clauses ....................................................................................................216
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................218
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................219
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................220
Chapter 12 Adverb Clauses............................................................................221
Introduction ...............................................................................................................222
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................222
Kinds of Adverb Clauses .....................................................................................223
Time Clauses .............................................................................................................224
Place Clauses ............................................................................................................225
Distance, Frequency, and Manner Clauses ..........................................................226
Reason Clauses ........................................................................................................228
Result Clauses ...........................................................................................................230
Purpose Clauses .......................................................................................................233
Contrast Clauses ......................................................................................................235
Conditional Clauses ..................................................................................................239
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................240
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................242
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................242
Chapter 13 Adjective Clauses......................................................................243
Introduction ...............................................................................................................244
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................244
Relative Pronouns and Adverbs .......................................................................245
Position of Adjective Clauses .................................................................................245
Verb Agreement in Adjective Clauses ....................................................................246
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses .....................................246
Punctuation of Adjective Clauses ...........................................................................246
Kinds of Adjective Clauses .................................................................................247
Relative Pronouns as Subjects ...............................................................................247
Relative Pronouns as Objects .................................................................................250
Possessive Adjective Clauses ................................................................................252
Relative Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions .....................................................255
Relative Pronouns in Phrases of Quantity and Quality ........................................257
Adjective Clauses of Time and Place ....................................................................259
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................262
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................263
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................263
Chapter 14 Participles and Participial Phrases...............................264
Introduction ...............................................................................................................265
Analyzing the Model ..............................................................................................265
Kinds of Participles ................................................................................................266
Participle Forms.........................................................................................................266
Participial Phrases .................................................................................................267
Reduced Adjective Clauses ....................................................................................267
Position and Punctuation of Participial Phrases ..................................................267
Present Participial Phrases ......................................................................................268
Past Participial Phrases ...........................................................................................269
Perfect Form Participial Phrases ............................................................................271
Participial Phrases and Writing Style .....................................................................272
Reduced Adverb Clauses ........................................................................................274
Editing Practice .......................................................................................................277
Writing Practice .......................................................................................................278
Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................278
APPENDICES
Appendix A Chapter Readings ..............................................................................279
Appendix B Connecting Words and Transition Signals .....................................291
Appendix C Punctuation Rules ..............................................................................299
Appendix D Correction Symbols ...........................................................................309
Appendix E Research and Documentation of Sources ......................................312
Appendix F Peer Review / Writer’s Self-Check Worksheets .............................320
Index ....................................................................................................................................337
Credits .................................................................................................................................343
Back Cover
The Longman Academic Writing Series helps English language students master the writing skills needed to succeed in their academic careers. The fi ve-level series spans writing topics from composing sentences to writing research papers. Each level covers the complete writing process from prewriting to revision.
Level 4 teaches high-intermediate students to write various genres of academic essays. The text’s proven approach integrates training in grammar, mechanics, vocabulary, and essay organization along with the writing process.
Features
- Realistic writing models and systematic practice empower students to write effectively in different genres. Clear explanations help students grasp and apply key concepts.
- Sentence structure, grammar, and mechanics instruction helps students develop key writing skills.
- A step-by-step approach guides students seamlessly through the writing process.
- Vocabulary sections help students develop language awareness and improve the quality of their writing. Writing Tips provide useful strategies to enhance students’ writing experience.
- Writing Expansions, including journals, timed writing, and summarizing, build written fluency and test-taking skills.
Enhanced Digital Practice - An improved MyEnglishLab includes additional practice activities and assessments.
- The Pearson Practice English App allows students to complete vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure activities on their mobile devices.
approx. 7-9 days
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